VERBS & ITS KINDS

VERBS

F Define verb. Describe verbs in details.

   Ans. To do something is called a verb. Verb হচ্ছে এমন শব্দ বা শব্দ গুচ্ছ যা দ্বারা কোন কাজ, অবস্থা বা ঘটনাকে বোঝায়। Like:- He drives a car.

Finite Verb &  Non-finite Verb

Finite Verb: ‡h verb Øviv Sentence-Gi e³e¨ †kl nq Ges Nominative (/Subject)-Gi number I person Abyhvqx iƒc wbYx©Z nq Zv‡K Finite Verb e‡j|  Like-  a) He eats rice.        b) I like music. c) They are watching game.

Non-finite Verb: ‡h verb Øviv Sentence-Gi e³e¨ †kl nq bv Ges (/Subject)-Gi number I person Abyhvqx iƒc wbYx©Z nq bv Zv‡K Non-finite Verb e‡j| Like-  a) She wants to learn music. b) The book is not interesting to read. c) He came to see me.  d) He had learnt the lesson to pass the exam.

Principal Verb & Auxiliary Verb

Principal Verb: ‡h verb -Gi wbR¯^ A_© _v‡K Ges A_© cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Ab¨ verb -Gi Dci depend Ki‡Z nq bv Zv‡K Principal Verb e‡j| Like- They did the work. She cultivated the land.  Fahima picked the mango. Rabu waited for me.

Auxiliary Verb: ‡h verb -Gi wbR¯^ A_© ‡bB Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi Sentence or Tense, Voice Ges Mood MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv‡K Verb e‡j| Like- He is drawing a picture. The boy has done a nice job. The thief has taken away my watch last night.

Primary Auxiliaries		Modal Auxiliaries
Be: be, am, is are, was, were, been, being.		can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, dare, used (to), ought (to)
Have: have, has, had	Do: do, does, did

N.B.:-The Primary Auxiliaries can also be used as Principal Verb. Like- He is a boy. These are sheep.

The Auxiliary verb is to help the Principal Verb only. *(There is no sentence without principal verb)

Transitive Verb & Intransitive Verb

Transitive Verb: The verb which has an object is called a Transitive Verb.

Intransitive Verb: The verb which has no object is called an Intransitive Verb.

Transitive Verb	Intransitive Verb
They draw a picture. We saw a peacock in the zoo. He killed a tiger. The farmer grows paddy.	He runs in the sun. They slept on the floor. He sat on the chair. The sun shines in the sky.

 Causative Verb

‡Kvb Verb-Gi Subject hw` wb‡R mivmwi ‡Kvb KvR bv K‡i Aci‡K w`‡q †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ Kivq ZLb Zv‡K Causative Verbs ejv nq| G‡¶‡Î A‡bK Intransitive Verbs ²†Kvb wKQz Kiv‡bv nq" GB A‡_© Transitive Verbs wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| Gfv‡e e¨eüZ Verb-‡K Causative Verb ejv nq|

Intransitive Verb	Causative Verb
Birds fly in the sky. Water boils. I walk slowly. He fell on the floor. Rice grows well in Bangladesh.	He flies a kite. Mother boils water. She walks the baby. A storm fell the tree. The farmer grows rice.

*** mvaviYZ ‘en’ †hvM K‡i Causative Verb MVb Ki‡Z nq| †hgb :- Blacken, Redden, Heighten, Lighten etc.

wKQz wKQz  Causative Verb Zvi Non-causative iƒc †_‡K wfbœiƒ‡ci n‡q _v‡K, †hgb :-

Non-causative	Causative Verb	Non-causative	Causative Verb
Eat (LvIqv) Learn (‡kLv) Know (Rvbv) Dive (Wye †`qv) Fall (c‡o hvIqv)	Feed (LvIqvb) Teach †kLvb) Inform (Rvbvb) Dip (Wyevb) Fell (‡d‡j †`Iqv)	See (‡`Lv) Rise(DVv) Suck (¯—b¨ cvb Kiv) Remember (¯§iY Kiv) Lie (ï‡q _vKv/cov)	Show (†`Lvb) Raise (DVvb) Suckle(¯—b¨ cvb Kivb) Remind (¯§iY K‡i †`Iqv) Lay (ï‡q ivLv)

** make, have, get cÖf„wZ Verb †hv‡M A‡bK Verb -‡K Causative Verb -G cwiYZ Kiv hvq|

N.B. make, have -Gi c‡i Infinitive -Gi wPý ‘to’ Dn¨ _v‡K| †hgb :- i) I make him (to) do the work.  

ii) I will have you (to) believe the story. Iii) My father got me to learn the lesson.